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Revolutionizing heat transport enhancement with liquid metals: Proposal of a new industry of water-free heat exchangers

Haiyan LI, Jing LIU

《能源前沿（英文）》 2011年第5卷第1期页码 20-42 doi: 10.1007/s11708-011-0139-9

摘要： Water is perhaps the most widely adopted working fluid in conventional industrial heat transport engineering. However, it may no longer be the best option today due to the increasing scarcity of water resources. Furthermore, the wide variations in water supply throughout the year and across different geographic regions also makes it harder to easily access. To address this issue, finding new alternatives to replace water-based technologies is imperative. In this paper, the concept of a water-free heat exchanger is proposed and comprehensively analyzed for the first time. The liquid metal with a low melting point is identified as an ideal fluid that can flexibly be used within a wide range of working temperatures. Some liquid metals and their alloys, which have previously received little attention in thermal management areas, are evaluated. With superior thermal conductivity, electromagnetic field drivability, and extremely low power consumption, liquid metal coolants promise many opportunities for revolutionizing modern heat transport processes: serving as heat transport fluid in industries, administrating thermal management in power and energy systems, and innovating enhanced cooling in electronic or optical devices. Furthermore, comparative analyses are conducted to understand the technical barriers encountered by advanced water-based heat transfer strategies and clarify this new frontier in heat-transport study. In addition, the unique merits of liquid metals that could lead to innovative heat exchanger technologies are evaluated comprehensively. A few promising industrial situations, such as heat recovery, chip cooling, thermoelectricity generation, and military applications, where liquid metals could play irreplaceable roles, were outlined. The technical challenges and scientific issues thus raised are summarized. With their evident ability to meet various critical requirements in modern advanced energy and power industries, liquid metal-enabled technologies are expected to usher a new and global era of water-free heat exchangers.

关键词： heat exchanger liquid metal water resource heat transport enhancement coolant thermal management process engineering energy crisis chip cooling

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得克萨斯州电力危机凸显其电网漏洞

Mitch Leslie

《工程（英文）》 2021年第7卷第10期页码 1348-1350 doi: 10.1016/j.eng.2021.08.007

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基于粗神经网络的企业财务危机预警方法

柳炳祥,盛昭翰

《中国工程科学》 2002年第4卷第8期页码 58-62

摘要：

分析了评价财务危机的指标体系和财务危机等级的划分，论述了粗神经网络的结构和基本原理，叙述了基于粗神经网络的财务危机预警方法，并给出了一个基于粗神经网络的财务危机的预警实例。实验结果表明，该方法应用于财务危机预警中是有效的，为财务危机预警提供了一条新的研究思路和方法。

关键词：财务危机指标体系粗集神经网络预警

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Search for a natural scientific measure of economy

John E COULTER

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2011年第5卷第1期页码 111-118 doi: 10.1007/s11783-011-0285-7

摘要： Through human history, wealth has been measured in grain, gold, and, now, dollars. Though counterfeiting of coins and notes goes back a long way, it is only with electronic financial accounting in a global economy tainted by toxic loans and imaginary funds that there is an urgency to search for a realistic objective way to monitor and regulate what we are doing to our Earth and ourselves. Various schemes using analysis of utility functions, oil equivalents, entropy, energy, and other units have been tried and, while helping to understand some basic processes and flows, have always been swamped by the machinations of financiers and the attention big sums of money attract. Now, the concept of exergy, pioneered in Eastern Europe in the 1950s, is being researched, developed, and applied, especially in China, driven by the desperation to measure the reality beyond the twin specters of global financial and environmental crises. A rough inventory of the matter in the biosphere at the coordinate details of an angstrom and an appreciation of how humans harness and manipulate electromagnetic forces can be enlightening as to what is and is not sustainable. Without that understanding, any financial estimate and proposed stimulus packages or IMF reform will be wildly wrong and may even be headed in the wrong direction.

关键词： climate change financial crisis energy exergy environment

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中国城市化进程中的粮食安全与风/煤制天然气单细胞蛋白的研究

曹晨,余波,顾为东

《中国工程科学》 2015年第17卷第3期页码 107-112

摘要：

据预测2030年我国人口将会达到峰值14.5亿，城市化率达到70 %，届时城市人口新增3亿，总数将超过10亿。随着总人口的持续增加以及城市人口的迅速膨胀，我国未来将会面临严峻的粮食不足问题，尤其以蛋白质为代表的营养物质将会出现严重短缺。本文针对这一问题，提出了以风力发电为能源，以煤制天然气为原料的单细胞蛋白制备新思路，新途径。此方法通过煤制天然气生产单细胞蛋白，既解决了传统煤炭利用中碳排放高、环境负荷大等缺点，实现了煤炭的升级、绿色利用，又解决了利用石油、工农业废弃物生产单细胞蛋白所产生的食品安全性等问题。另外，此方法可实现大规模工业化生产，为解决我国未来蛋白质不足提供一条绿色、高效、切实可行的新途径。

关键词：城镇化；粮食安全；非并网发电；煤制天然气；单细胞蛋白

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Upgrading to urban water system 3.0 through sponge city construction

Nanqi Ren, Qian Wang, Qiuru Wang, Hong Huang, Xiuheng Wang

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2017年第11卷第4期 doi: 10.1007/s11783-017-0960-4

摘要： Urban water system 3.0 (Blue, gray, brown and yellow arrows represent water flow, wastewater flow, resource and energy respectively) Facing the pressure of excessive water consumption, high pollution load and rainstorm waterlogging, linear and centralized urban water system, system 2.0, as well as traditional governance measures gradually exposed characters of water-sensitivity, vulnerability and unsustainability, subsequently resulting in a full-blown crisis of water shortage, water pollution and waterlogging. To systematically relieve such crisis, we established healthy urban water-cycling system 3.0, in which decentralized sewerage systems, spongy infrastructures and ecological rivers play critical roles. Through unconventional water resource recycling, whole process control of pollutions and ecological restoration, system 3.0 with integrated management measures, is expected to fit for multiple purposes which involve environmental, ecological, economic and social benefits. With advantages of flexibility, resilience and sustainability, water system 3.0 will show an increasingly powerful vitality in the near future.

关键词： Water crisis Urban water system Spongy city Decentralized system Multi-purpose

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Evaluation of renewable energies production potential in the Middle East: confronting the world’s energy crisis

Hamid BAHRAMPOUR, Amir Khosro BEHESHTI MARNANI, Mohammad Bagher ASKARI, Mohammad Reza BAHRAMPOUR

《能源前沿（英文）》 2020年第14卷第1期页码 42-56 doi: 10.1007/s11708-017-0486-2

摘要： Oil and fossil fuels, the main source of energy in the Middle East have obviously the most destructive effects on the environment and public health. The developed countries of the Middle East are faced with the crisis and energy security. This paper is about evaluating the energy demand /consumption in the Middle East. First, the position of energy consumption in the world and the Middle East is discussed. Next, the evaluation of the current potential of clean energy production from renewable energies is explained. Finally, according to related maps, charts and information presented for the condition of renewable energy which has been approved by the countries of the Middle East, the greatest places in some countries of this region are introduced and discussed.

关键词： Middle East countries renewable energy fossil fuels energy crisis

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The Routine and Emergency Coordinated Management of Public Security

Ning Liu

《工程管理前沿（英文）》 2015年第2卷第4期页码 331-338 doi: 10.15302/J-FEM-2015063

摘要： The paper presents a study based on the observation of public security programme situations. Nowadays, public security management is faced with challenges such as the increase in non-traditional safety threats, high occurrence probability, obvious complex chain reactions, high security demand, vulnerable bearing systems and world-wide influences. For the new adapted requirements of public security management, this paper puts forward the concept of the coordinated routine and emergency management, which combines the routine management at normal status and the emergency management at the abnormal status based on the whole process of public security management. This paper analyzes the coordinated management system and establishes the decision-making objectives, decision-making model and constraints. In addition, this paper proposes the basic strategy of achieving the coordinated management of public security.

关键词： public security routine management emergency management coordinated management

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2003年SARS对中国交通客运量影响的后评价研究——基于本底趋势线全国28个省（市）自治区的分析与估算

孙根年,马丽君

《中国工程科学》 2007年第9卷第6期页码 32-37

摘要：

2003年SARS是中国公众健康的“灾难”，交通旅客运输因此蒙受巨大损失。依据本底趋势线理论，对此次危机的交通客运量损失进行了定量估算。结果显示：2003年SARS共造成交通旅客损失10.07亿人次，其中，公路损失8.88亿人次，铁路损失1畅05亿人次，航空损失1611.7万人次，水运损失1943万人次；危机的生命周期从2003年4月开始，5～6月全面爆发，7～8月消减衰退，11～12月有一定的补偿；由于交通区位和SARS疫情的差异，全国28个省（市）自治区客运量损失可划分为4个等级，其中，广东、四川、河北3 省客运量损失超过1 亿人次；以 28个省（市）自治区客运量损失与2003 年本底值、 SARS 确诊人数建立空间预报模型，结果显示，客运量本底值边际系数为０0.788 46 ，SARS 确诊人数边际系数为0.075 868。

关键词： SARS危机本底趋势线客运量损失地域分布空间模型

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Inheritance and Innovation of Engineering Management Informatization

Kai Sun,Ren-huai Liu

《工程管理前沿（英文）》 2014年第1卷第1期页码 76-82 doi: 10.15302/J-FEM-2014014

摘要： In the life-cycle of large projects, the operational phase lasts the longest, costs the most and substantially benefits the project. During the whole phase, energy, material and human resources may cost a lot. Effective control of such costs is one of the main targets of engineering management informatization. How to lower the organization collaboration cost in project management and how to support effective collaboration among different areas, organizations and departments in the ways of technology and management are major goals in engineering management informatization. In the phase of project operation, project owners, partners and customers are the stakeholders of engineering management informatization. Through the case of airport management informatization, inherited and innovation of engineering management informatization will be discussed. It is illustrated that airport informatization is the innovation of business model and technology applications through the analysis and study on cases of airport informatization.

关键词： engineering management informatization inter-organizational relationship management creation resource sharing

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Energy storage resources management: Planning, operation, and business model

《工程管理前沿（英文）》页码 373-391 doi: 10.1007/s42524-022-0194-4

摘要： With the acceleration of supply-side renewable energy penetration rate and the increasingly diversified and complex demand-side loads, how to maintain the stable, reliable, and efficient operation of the power system has become a challenging issue requiring investigation. One of the feasible solutions is deploying the energy storage system (ESS) to integrate with the energy system to stabilize it. However, considering the costs and the input/output characteristics of ESS, both the initial configuration process and the actual operation process require efficient management. This study presents a comprehensive review of managing ESS from the perspectives of planning, operation, and business model. First of all, in terms of planning and configuration, it is investigated from capacity planning, location planning, as well as capacity and location combined planning. This process is generally the first step in deploying ESS. Then, it explores operation management of ESS from the perspectives of state assessment and operation optimization. The so-called state assessment refers to the assessment of three aspects: The state of charge (SOC), the state of health (SOH), and the remaining useful life (RUL). The operation optimization includes ESS operation strategy optimization and joint operation optimization. Finally, it discusses the business models of ESS. Traditional business models involve ancillary services and load transfer, while emerging business models include electric vehicle (EV) as energy storage and shared energy storage.

关键词： energy storage system energy storage resources management planning configuration operational management business model

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Discussion on Problem-Based Engineering Management System

Qiao Xiang

《工程管理前沿（英文）》 2015年第2卷第3期页码 249-260 doi: 10.15302/J-FEM-2015054

摘要： The paper puts forward the idea of problem-based engineering management, expounds its connotation and guiding ideology and moreover, substantially demonstrates its practical significance in the engineering management system for the maintenance of Chinese military aircraft engines.

关键词： problem engineering management system

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Revealing Engineering Management System and Education Model in Developed Countries for Engineering Management

Jian-ya Jiang,Yang-wei Rao

《工程管理前沿（英文）》 2014年第1卷第4期页码 406-409 doi: 10.15302/J-FEM-2014049

摘要： Different developed countries have differences in regulations for engineering management systems. The related education modes and their curriculum arrangement in universities in the US, UK, and Germany show their specializations. Through comparative research into engineering management systems and professional education modes between China and these developed countries, the paper proposes suggestions for improving the education of engineering management majors in China, which could speed up development of Chinese engineering general contracting enterprises and engineering project management enterprises.

关键词： engineering management system education mode comparative research training improvement

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Strengthening Project Management to Attain Overseas Blocks with High Potential for Exploration

Shu-lin Zhang

《工程管理前沿（英文）》 2016年第3卷第4期页码 331-337 doi: 10.15302/J-FEM-2016058

摘要： New overseas venture evaluation is key for oversea exploration of Chinese oil companies, whose credibility directly determine the degree of success of exploration for overseas blocks. The uniqueness of new overseas venture evaluation in short assessing cycle and limited data make project management vital. Project management includes human resource allocation, quality control and effective communication. In China National Offshore Oilfield Corporation (CNOOC), the new overseas venture evaluation system has been established. This system includes quality control system and assurance for new overseas venture evaluation, geological evaluation norms for overseas oil & gas exploration, regulations for new overseas venture evaluation and seismic interpretation methodology and procedure for new overseas venture evaluation. Directed by the new overseas venture evaluation system, three-level quality control and management of data-room visit are strictly reinforced, which guarantees the efficiency and quality of new overseas venture evaluation. As a result the new overseas venture evaluation boosts the development of young explorationists and leads to breakthroughs in exploring potential target areas of CNOOC and in the discovery of giant oil and gas fields, which underpins the development of overseas business in CNOOC.

关键词： new overseas venture evaluation exploration project management quality management assessing system

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Emergency strategies and trends in the management of liver trauma

null

《医学前沿（英文）》 2012年第6卷第3期页码 225-233 doi: 10.1007/s11684-012-0186-6

摘要：

The liver is the most frequently injured organ during abdominal trauma. The management of hepatic trauma has undergone a paradigm shift over the past several decades, with mandatory operation giving way to nonoperative treatment. Better understanding of the mechanisms and grade of liver injury aids in the initial assessment and establishment of a management strategy. Hemodynamically unstable patients should undergo focused abdominal sonography for trauma, whereas stable patients may undergo computed tomography, the standard examination protocol. The grade of liver injury alone does not accurately predict the need for operation, and nonoperative management is rapidly becoming popular for high-grade injuries. Hemodynamic instability with positive focused abdominal sonography for trauma and peritonitis is an indicator of the need for emergent operative intervention. The damage control concept is appropriate for the treatment of major liver injuries and is associated with significant survival advantages compared with traditional prolonged surgical techniques. Although surgical intervention for hepatic trauma is not as common now as it was in the past, current trauma surgeons should be familiar with the emergency surgical skills necessary to manage complex hepatic injuries, such as packing, Pringle maneuver, selective vessel ligation, resectional debridement, and parenchymal sutures. The present review presents emergency strategies and trends in the management of liver trauma.

关键词： liver trauma nonoperative management operative management